Linking Religiosity and Job Performance in Islamic Rural Banks
Main Article Content
Keywords
Religiousity, Employee Engagement, Job satisfaction, Job performance, Islamic Bank
Abstract
Islamic banking is a dynamic segment in the banking industry. However, although having enormous potential, Islamic banks, especially micro banks which have emerged only recently, are perceived as less popular and as less experienced than conventional banking. Therefore, they need a proper strategy to compete and have a high performance compared to their competitors. To conduct this research, 250 Islamic bank employees were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire in West Java Province, Indonesia. This research examines the construct validity and reliability by applying variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). This method was used to verify the model that has been proposed. This research shows that Religiosity directly and indirectly affects the job performance in Islamic Rural Bank. This study is also intended to assess the effect of religiosity on job performance through strengthening employee job satisfaction and employee engagement. It also gives a reference for the managers of Islamic Bank that in the recruitment of employees they must also observe their individual religiosity beside their working ability. Then, it needs to be considered and improved to increase their performance and to make it in accordance with the standards expected by the company
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References
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Beit-Hallahmi., A., M. (1997). The Psycholgy of Religious Behavior, Belief and Experience.
Bertolino, M., Truxillo, d., & Fraccarolii. (2013). Age Effect on Perceived Personality and Job Performance. Journal of managerial Psychology, 28, 867-885. doi: 10.1108/JMP-07-2013-0222
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Bowen, J., & Ford, R. C. . (2004). What experts say about managing hospitality service delivery systems. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(7), 394-401. doi: 10.1108/09596110410559078
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Chin, W. W., Peterson, R. A., & Brown, S. P. (2008). Structural equation modeling in marketing: Some practical reminders. Journal of marketing theory and practice, 16(4), 287-298. doi: 10.2753/MTP1069-6679160402
Cropanzano, R. a. M., M.S. . (2005). Social Exchange Theory : An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31 No.6, 874-900. doi: 10.1177/0149206305279602
Dean, D., & Suhartanto, D. (2019). The formation of visitor behavioral intention to creative tourism: the role of push–Pull motivation. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 1-11. doi: 10.1080/10941665.2019.1572631
Essoo, N., & Dibb, S. (2004). Religious Influences on Shopping Behaviour : An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing Management, 20(7-8), 683-712. doi: 10.1362/D267257041838728
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology : The broade-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226.
Gursoy, D., & Swanger, N. (2007). Performance-enhancing internal strategic factors : impact on financial success. international Journal of Hospitality management, 26(1), 213-227. doi:10.106/j.ijhm.2006.01.004
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Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications.
Haruna, A. y., & marthandan, G. (2017). Foundational competencies for enhancing work engagement in SMEs Malaysia. Journal of Workplace Learning, 29(3), 165-184. doi: 10.1108/JWL-07-2016-0066
Hassan Fathelrahman Mansour, I., & Mohammed Elzubier Diab, D. (2016). The relationship between celebrities’ credibility and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 7(2), 148-166. doi:10.1108/JIMA-05-2013-0036
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135. doi: 10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
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Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. doi: 10.5465/256287
King, J. E., & Williamson, I. O. (2005). Workplace religious expression, religiosity and job satisfaction : Clarifying a relationship. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 2(2), 173-198. doi: 10.1080/14766080509518579
Koys, D. (2003). How the achievement of human-resources goals drives restaurant performance. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(1), 17-24. doi: 10.1016/S00108804(03)90042-5
Krauss, S. E., Hamzah, A., & Idris, F. (2007). Adaptation of a Muslim Religiosity Scale for Use with Four Different Faith Communities in Malaysia. Review of religious research, 49(2), 147-164.
Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644-656. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001
Liao, H., & Chuang, A. (2004). A multilevel investigation of factors influencing employee service performance and customer outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 47(1), 41-58. doi:10.2307/20159559
Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational behavior and human performance, 4(4), 309-336.
Lu, L., Lu, A.C. C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N. R. (2016). Work Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and turnover intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 737-761. doi:10.1108/ijchm-07-2014-0360
Mathras, D., Cohen, A. B., Mandel, N., & Mick, D. G. (2016). The effects of religion on consumer behavior: A conceptual framework and research agenda. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(2), 298-311. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2015.08.001
McDaniel, S. W., & Burnett, J. J. . (1990). Consumer religiosity and retail store evaluative criteria. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18(2), 101-112. doi: 10.1007/BF02726426
Muslim, A., Zaidi, I., & Rodrigue, F. (2013). Islamic banks: Contrasting the drivers of customer satisfaction on image, trust, and loyalty of Muslim and non‐Muslim customers in Malaysia. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 31(2), 79-97. doi:10.1108/02652321311298627
Netemeyer, R. G., & Maxham III, J. G. (2007). Employee versus supervisor ratings of performance in the retail customer service sector: Differences in predictive validity for customer outcomes. Journal of Retailing, 83(1), 131-145. doi: 10.1016/j.jretai.2006.10.009
Ng, T. W., Sorensen K.L & Yim, F.H. (2009). Does The Job Satisfaction-Job Performance Relationship Vary Across Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(5), 761-796. doi: 10.1177/0022022109339208
Nizar, S., & Marzouki, R. (2015). Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions toward Islamic banks: the influence of religiosity. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(2), 143-161. doi: doi:10.1108/IJBM-10-2013-0115
OJK. (2017). Statistik Perbankan Syariah.
Osman-Gani, A. M., Hashim, J., & Ismail, Y. (2013). Establishing linkages between religiosity and spirituality on employee performance. Employee relations, 35(4), 360-376. doi: 10.1108/ER-04-2012-0030
Porter, M. E., & Schwab, K. (2008). The Global Competitveness Report 2008-2009. World Economic Forum.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619. doi: 10.1108/02683940610690169
Saleh, M. A., Quazi, A., Keating, B., & Gaur, S. S. (2017). Quality and image of banking services: a comparative study of conventional and Islamic banks. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(6), 878-902. doi: 10.1108/IJBM-08-2016-0111
Sedgwick, M. J. (2006). Islam & Muslims : a guide to diverse experience in a modern world. Boston, MA: Intercultural Press.
Shuck, B. (2011). Four Emeerging Perspectives of Employee Engagement : An integrative Literature Review. Human Resource Development Review, 10(3), 304-328. doi:10.1177/1534484311410840
Shyan Fam, K., Waller, D. S., & Zafer Erdogan, B. (2004). The influence of religion on attitudes towards the advertising of controversial products. European Journal of Marketing, 38(5/6), 537-555. doi:10.1108/03090560410529204
Sirgy, M. J., Kruger, P. S., Lee, D. J., & Yu, G. B. (2011). How does a travel trip affect torist' life satisfaction? Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 261-275. doi: 10.1177/0047287510362784
Slatten, T., & Mehmetoglu, M. (2011). Antecedents and effects of engaged frontline employees. Managing Service Quality : An International Journal, 21(1), 88-107. doi: 10.1108/09604521111100261
Soane, E., Truss, C., Alfes, K., Shantz, A., Rees, C., & Gatenby, M. (2012). Development and application of a new measure of employee engagement: the ISA Engagement Scale. Human Resource Development International, 15(5), 529-547. doi: 10.1080/13678868.2012.726542
Sri Wahyuni., N. F. (2017). Brand Religiosity Aura and Brand Loyalty in Indonesia Islamic Banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 1-16. doi: 10.1108/JIMA-06-2015-0044
Stark, R., & Glock, C. Y. (1970). American piety: The nature of religious commitment (Vol. 1): Univ of California Press.
Suhartanto, D. and Brien, A. (2018), "Multidimensional engagement and store performance", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 67 No. 5, pp. 809-824. doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-03-2017-0065
Suhartanto, D., Dean, D., Nansuri, R., & Triyuni, N. (2018). The link between tourism involvement and service performance: Evidence from frontline retail employees. Journal of Business Research, 83, 130-137. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.039
Suhartanto , F. N., H., Muflih,M ., & Setiawan. (2018). Loyalty Intention towards Islamic Bank : The Role Of Religiosity, Image, and Trust. International Journal of Economics and Management, 12, 137-151.
Tang, G., & Li, D. (2015). Is there a relation between religiousity and customer loyalty in the Chinese context? International Journal of Consumer Studies, 39(6), 639-647. doi : 10.1111/ijcs.12197
Teller, C., Alexander, A & Floh, A. (2016). The Impact of Competition and Cooperation on the Performance of a Retail Agglomeration and its Stores. Industrial Marketing Management, 52, 6-17. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.07.010
Tseng, S.-M., & Huang, J.-S. (2011). The correlation between Wikipedia and knowledge sharing on job performance. Expert systems with applications, 38(5), 6118-6124. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.11.009
Yalabik, Z. Y., Popaitoon, P., Chowne, J. A., & Rayton, B. A. (2013). Work engagement as a mediator between employee attitudes and outcomes. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2799-2823. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2013.763844
Yeh, C. M. (2013). Tourism ivolvement, work engagement and job satisfaction among frontline hotel employees. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 214-239. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2013.02.002
Abugabah, A., & Sanzogni, L. (2010). Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in higher education: A literature review and implications. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 5(6), 395-399. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1060431
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187-200. doi: 10.1080/02678370802393649
Beit-Hallahmi., A., M. (1997). The Psycholgy of Religious Behavior, Belief and Experience.
Bertolino, M., Truxillo, d., & Fraccarolii. (2013). Age Effect on Perceived Personality and Job Performance. Journal of managerial Psychology, 28, 867-885. doi: 10.1108/JMP-07-2013-0222
BI. (2017). Laporan Tahunan Bank Indonesia.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J;. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elemnts of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (eds.). Personal Selection in Organizations, 71-98.
Bowen, J., & Ford, R. C. . (2004). What experts say about managing hospitality service delivery systems. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(7), 394-401. doi: 10.1108/09596110410559078
Chi, C. G., & Gursoy, D. (2009). Employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and financial performance: An empirical examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(2), 245-253. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.08.003
Chin, W. W., Peterson, R. A., & Brown, S. P. (2008). Structural equation modeling in marketing: Some practical reminders. Journal of marketing theory and practice, 16(4), 287-298. doi: 10.2753/MTP1069-6679160402
Cropanzano, R. a. M., M.S. . (2005). Social Exchange Theory : An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31 No.6, 874-900. doi: 10.1177/0149206305279602
Dean, D., & Suhartanto, D. (2019). The formation of visitor behavioral intention to creative tourism: the role of push–Pull motivation. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 1-11. doi: 10.1080/10941665.2019.1572631
Essoo, N., & Dibb, S. (2004). Religious Influences on Shopping Behaviour : An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing Management, 20(7-8), 683-712. doi: 10.1362/D267257041838728
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology : The broade-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226.
Gursoy, D., & Swanger, N. (2007). Performance-enhancing internal strategic factors : impact on financial success. international Journal of Hospitality management, 26(1), 213-227. doi:10.106/j.ijhm.2006.01.004
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis . Uppersaddle River. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed) Upper Saddle River.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications.
Haruna, A. y., & marthandan, G. (2017). Foundational competencies for enhancing work engagement in SMEs Malaysia. Journal of Workplace Learning, 29(3), 165-184. doi: 10.1108/JWL-07-2016-0066
Hassan Fathelrahman Mansour, I., & Mohammed Elzubier Diab, D. (2016). The relationship between celebrities’ credibility and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 7(2), 148-166. doi:10.1108/JIMA-05-2013-0036
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135. doi: 10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hidayat, R., Akhmad, S., & Machmud, M. (2015). Effects of Service Quality, Customer Trust and Customer Religious Commitment on Customers Satisfaction and Loyalty of Islamic Banks in East Java. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah, 7(2), 151-164.
Itam, U. S. S. (2017). Examining the Mediation Effect of Employee Engagement on Internal Brand Practices and Outcome Variable in the Organized Retail Sector. International Business Management, 11(3), 673-682. doi: 10.36478/ibm.2017.673.682
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. doi: 10.5465/256287
King, J. E., & Williamson, I. O. (2005). Workplace religious expression, religiosity and job satisfaction : Clarifying a relationship. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 2(2), 173-198. doi: 10.1080/14766080509518579
Koys, D. (2003). How the achievement of human-resources goals drives restaurant performance. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(1), 17-24. doi: 10.1016/S00108804(03)90042-5
Krauss, S. E., Hamzah, A., & Idris, F. (2007). Adaptation of a Muslim Religiosity Scale for Use with Four Different Faith Communities in Malaysia. Review of religious research, 49(2), 147-164.
Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644-656. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001
Liao, H., & Chuang, A. (2004). A multilevel investigation of factors influencing employee service performance and customer outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 47(1), 41-58. doi:10.2307/20159559
Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational behavior and human performance, 4(4), 309-336.
Lu, L., Lu, A.C. C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N. R. (2016). Work Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and turnover intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 737-761. doi:10.1108/ijchm-07-2014-0360
Mathras, D., Cohen, A. B., Mandel, N., & Mick, D. G. (2016). The effects of religion on consumer behavior: A conceptual framework and research agenda. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(2), 298-311. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2015.08.001
McDaniel, S. W., & Burnett, J. J. . (1990). Consumer religiosity and retail store evaluative criteria. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18(2), 101-112. doi: 10.1007/BF02726426
Muslim, A., Zaidi, I., & Rodrigue, F. (2013). Islamic banks: Contrasting the drivers of customer satisfaction on image, trust, and loyalty of Muslim and non‐Muslim customers in Malaysia. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 31(2), 79-97. doi:10.1108/02652321311298627
Netemeyer, R. G., & Maxham III, J. G. (2007). Employee versus supervisor ratings of performance in the retail customer service sector: Differences in predictive validity for customer outcomes. Journal of Retailing, 83(1), 131-145. doi: 10.1016/j.jretai.2006.10.009
Ng, T. W., Sorensen K.L & Yim, F.H. (2009). Does The Job Satisfaction-Job Performance Relationship Vary Across Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(5), 761-796. doi: 10.1177/0022022109339208
Nizar, S., & Marzouki, R. (2015). Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions toward Islamic banks: the influence of religiosity. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(2), 143-161. doi: doi:10.1108/IJBM-10-2013-0115
OJK. (2017). Statistik Perbankan Syariah.
Osman-Gani, A. M., Hashim, J., & Ismail, Y. (2013). Establishing linkages between religiosity and spirituality on employee performance. Employee relations, 35(4), 360-376. doi: 10.1108/ER-04-2012-0030
Porter, M. E., & Schwab, K. (2008). The Global Competitveness Report 2008-2009. World Economic Forum.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619. doi: 10.1108/02683940610690169
Saleh, M. A., Quazi, A., Keating, B., & Gaur, S. S. (2017). Quality and image of banking services: a comparative study of conventional and Islamic banks. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(6), 878-902. doi: 10.1108/IJBM-08-2016-0111
Sedgwick, M. J. (2006). Islam & Muslims : a guide to diverse experience in a modern world. Boston, MA: Intercultural Press.
Shuck, B. (2011). Four Emeerging Perspectives of Employee Engagement : An integrative Literature Review. Human Resource Development Review, 10(3), 304-328. doi:10.1177/1534484311410840
Shyan Fam, K., Waller, D. S., & Zafer Erdogan, B. (2004). The influence of religion on attitudes towards the advertising of controversial products. European Journal of Marketing, 38(5/6), 537-555. doi:10.1108/03090560410529204
Sirgy, M. J., Kruger, P. S., Lee, D. J., & Yu, G. B. (2011). How does a travel trip affect torist' life satisfaction? Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 261-275. doi: 10.1177/0047287510362784
Slatten, T., & Mehmetoglu, M. (2011). Antecedents and effects of engaged frontline employees. Managing Service Quality : An International Journal, 21(1), 88-107. doi: 10.1108/09604521111100261
Soane, E., Truss, C., Alfes, K., Shantz, A., Rees, C., & Gatenby, M. (2012). Development and application of a new measure of employee engagement: the ISA Engagement Scale. Human Resource Development International, 15(5), 529-547. doi: 10.1080/13678868.2012.726542
Sri Wahyuni., N. F. (2017). Brand Religiosity Aura and Brand Loyalty in Indonesia Islamic Banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 1-16. doi: 10.1108/JIMA-06-2015-0044
Stark, R., & Glock, C. Y. (1970). American piety: The nature of religious commitment (Vol. 1): Univ of California Press.
Suhartanto, D. and Brien, A. (2018), "Multidimensional engagement and store performance", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 67 No. 5, pp. 809-824. doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-03-2017-0065
Suhartanto, D., Dean, D., Nansuri, R., & Triyuni, N. (2018). The link between tourism involvement and service performance: Evidence from frontline retail employees. Journal of Business Research, 83, 130-137. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.039
Suhartanto , F. N., H., Muflih,M ., & Setiawan. (2018). Loyalty Intention towards Islamic Bank : The Role Of Religiosity, Image, and Trust. International Journal of Economics and Management, 12, 137-151.
Tang, G., & Li, D. (2015). Is there a relation between religiousity and customer loyalty in the Chinese context? International Journal of Consumer Studies, 39(6), 639-647. doi : 10.1111/ijcs.12197
Teller, C., Alexander, A & Floh, A. (2016). The Impact of Competition and Cooperation on the Performance of a Retail Agglomeration and its Stores. Industrial Marketing Management, 52, 6-17. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.07.010
Tseng, S.-M., & Huang, J.-S. (2011). The correlation between Wikipedia and knowledge sharing on job performance. Expert systems with applications, 38(5), 6118-6124. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.11.009
Yalabik, Z. Y., Popaitoon, P., Chowne, J. A., & Rayton, B. A. (2013). Work engagement as a mediator between employee attitudes and outcomes. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2799-2823. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2013.763844
Yeh, C. M. (2013). Tourism ivolvement, work engagement and job satisfaction among frontline hotel employees. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 214-239. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2013.02.002